Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Chronic Stressors, Obesity Pathogenesis, And The Moderating Effect Of Internalized Weight Stigma; A Quantitative, Illinois Study, Karyn Byrne

Dissertations

The obesity epidemic is a ‘wicked’ problem with a complex web of determinants and outcomes. While generally higher for minoritized populations, prevalence rates manifest in surprising, nonlinear patterns. There is no consensus regarding treatment protocols or mitigation efforts, except that current efforts remain largely ineffective. Much research evidence that a profusion of determinants of health support obesity pathogenesis through various physiological processes and mechanisms, including the allostatic load, mitochondria functioning, the gut microbiome, and epigenetics. Intervening to support markers of the allostatic load (immunity, inflammation, and metabolic health) may provide a more effective treatment outcomes than traditional approaches, which tend …

The Association Of Caregiver Attitudes, Information Sources, And Trust With Hpv Vaccine Initiation Among Adolescents, Akila Anandarajah, Thembekile Shato, Sarah Humble, Alan R Barnette, Heather M Brandt, Lisa M Klesges, Vetta L Sanders Thompson, Michelle I Silver

2020-Current year OA Pubs

This study described caregiver attitudes and the information sources they access about HPV vaccination for adolescents and determined their influence on human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination initiation. An online survey was administered to 1,016 adults in July 2021. Participants were eligible if they were the caregiver of a child aged 9-17 residing in Mississippi, Arkansas, Tennessee, Missouri, and select counties in Southern Illinois. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the association of caregiver attitudes and information sources with HPV vaccination. Information from doctors or healthcare providers (87.4%) and internet sources other than social media (31.0%) were the most used sources …

Saponin Tql1055 Adjuvant-Containing Vaccine Confers Protection Upon Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Challenge In Mice, Mushtaq Ahmed, Eric Farris, Rosemary V Swanson, Shibali Das, Yan Yang, Tyler Martin, Shabaana A Khader

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by the intracellular pathogen

The Effects Of Music Therapy On Pediatric Patients With Congenital Heart Defects In The Pre And Postoperative Setting, Janelle Marie Choy

Nursing | Student Research Posters

Congenital heart defects is a prominent medical occurrence especially in pediatrics. These defects often require surgeries and extensive treatment plans. These treatment plans often include invasive surgeries and extensive treatment plans which can require long recovery times along with potential surgical complications. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of music therapy on pediatric patients with congenital heart defects in the pre and postoperative setting and how music therapy can be implemented in treatment plans to yield effective recovery results for these patients. This research is significant as elevated vital signs and preoperative anxiety are associated with an increased need …

Emergent Microenvironments Of Nucleoli, Matthew R King, Kiersten M Ruff, Rohit V Pappu

2020-Current year OA Pubs

In higher eukaryotes, the nucleolus harbors at least three sub-phases that facilitate multiple functionalities including ribosome biogenesis. The three prominent coexisting sub-phases are the fibrillar center (FC), the dense fibrillar component (DFC), and the granular component (GC). Here, we review recent efforts in profiling sub-phase compositions that shed light on the types of physicochemical properties that emerge from compositional biases and territorial organization of specific types of macromolecules. We highlight roles played by molecular grammars which refers to protein sequence features including the substrate binding domains, the sequence features of intrinsically disordered regions, and the multivalence of these distinct types …

Measurement Of Cumulative High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein And Monocyte To High-Density Lipoprotein Ratio In The Risk Prediction Of Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study, Dan Wu, Genyuan Chen, Yulong Lan, Shuohua Chen, Xiong Ding, Chiju Wei, Lois Balmer, Wei Wang, Shouling Wu, Wencan Xu

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Converging data have suggested that monocytic inflammation and C-reactive protein (CRP) are biologically intertwined processes and are involved in diabetogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the association between systemic inflammation assessed by joint cumulative high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CumCRP) and monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio (CumMHR) and incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) and their predictive value for T2D in a general population. Methods: A total of 40,813 nondiabetic participants from a prospective real-life cohort (Kailuan Study, China) were followed biennially from 2010/2011 until December 31, 2020. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) of …

Co-Design Of A Personalised Digital Intervention To Improve Vegetable Intake In Adults Living In Australian Rural Communities, Katherine M. Livingstone, Jonathan C. Rawstorn, Laura Alston, Stephanie R. Partridge, Amber Bastian, Kate Dullaghan, Sarah A. Mcnaughton, Gilly A. Hendrie, Lauren C. Blekkenhorst, Ralph Maddison, Yuxin Zhang, Scott Barnett, John C. Mathers, Stephanie L. Godrich

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Diets low in vegetables are a main contributor to the health burden experienced by Australians living in rural communities. Given the ubiquity of smartphones and access to the Internet, digital interventions may offer an accessible delivery model for a dietary intervention in rural communities. However, no digital interventions to address low vegetable intake have been co-designed with adults living in rural areas. This paper describes the co-design of a digital intervention to improve vegetable intake with rural community members and research partners. Methods: Active participants in the co-design process were adults ≥ 18 years living in three rural Australian …

The Effects Of Short-Term, Progressive Exercise Training On Disease Activity In Smouldering Multiple Myeloma And Monoclonal Gammopathy Of Undetermined Significance: A Single-Arm Pilot Study, A. Emery, S. Moore, J. Crowe, J. Murray, O. Peacock, D. Thompson, F. Betts, S. Rapps, L. Ross, D. Rothschild-Rodriguez, A. A. Echarri, R. Davies, R. Lewis, D. X. Augustine, A. Whiteway, Z. Afzal, J. L. J. Heaney, M. T. Drayson, J. E. Turner, John P. Campbell

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: High levels of physical activity are associated with reduced risk of the blood cancer multiple myeloma (MM). MM is preceded by the asymptomatic stages of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smouldering multiple myeloma (SMM) which are clinically managed by watchful waiting. A case study (N = 1) of a former elite athlete aged 44 years previously indicated that a multi-modal exercise programme reversed SMM disease activity. To build from this prior case study, the present pilot study firstly examined if short-term exercise training was feasible and safe for a group of MGUS and SMM patients, and secondly …

Highly Toxic Aβ Begets More Aβ, Merc M. Kemeh, Noel Lazo

Chemistry

No abstract provided.

Premenstrual Dysmorphic Disorder/Premenstrual Syndrome Luteal Phase Treatment, Shelby Gawarecki

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

• PMS/PMDD symptoms affect many women's emotional and physical wellbeing.

• SSRIs, progesterone, and sepranolone are luteal phase treatment options.

• Studies were all peer-reviewed, including randomized control trials or a meta-analysis.

• SSRIs are a consistent primary treatment for symptom alleviation especially cognitive symptoms. SSRIs are the current mainstay, recommended for luteal phase treatment of PMS/PMDD.

• SSRIs, including citalopram, sertraline, escitalopram, and fluoxetine, were examined to determine their efficacy in relieving mood-related symptoms such as irritability, anxiety, and depression during the luteal phase.

• Data on progesterone treatment in the luteal phase is inconclusive. • Allopregnanolone levels and …

Comparing The Efficacy Of Heart-Conserving Measures And Retransplantation For Chronic Rejection In The Pediatric Population, Lacey Zeiszler

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

Coronary allograft vasculopathy is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among pediatric heart transplant recipients and faces unsuccessful treatment for prevention and management. Post-transplant immunosuppressive therapy has been modified over the years to determine the most effective regimen for rejection. Tacrolimus has been the superior immunosuppressant used for rejection since the early 2000s. It has been shown to have substantial immunosuppressive effects, least number of adverse effects, and decreased comorbidities compared to other regimens. Despite these advantages, CAV is still prevalent. Heart retransplantation is currently the only curative treatment. We used Google Scholar, PubMed, ClinicalKey, ScienceDirect, Elsevier, Wiley Online …

Implementation Of A Toolkit To Increase Patient Outreach For Annual Lipid Screening In Native Americans With Diabetes: A Quality Improvement Project, Samantha Owen

Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Scholarly Projects

Executive Summary

Background and Significance: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the Unites States (CDC, 2022). People with diabetes experience a higher rate of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality compared to people without diabetes and Native Americans have the highest prevalence of diabetes (14.9%) among any ethnic group in the United States (ADA, 2022b; Li et al., 2021). Native Americans also have a high rate of other cardiovascular risk factors, including obesity, hypertension, smoking, and alcohol use (OMH, 2021). Cardiovascular disease events and mortality can be greatly reduced with early recognition and treatment with lipid lowering therapies …

Audiological Evaluation Of Persons With Dementia: A Systematic Review, Yehudis Hoch

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Background: Dementia and hearing loss are both prevalent, age-related conditions and recent research has established a correlation between the two. Audiological evaluations of persons with dementia are important due to a likely comorbidity of dementia and hearing loss, the detrimental effect that hearing loss has on cognition and cognitive tests, and because the similar presentation of the two conditions can cause hearing loss to be overlooked. Hearing loss intervention is critical for this population due to the positive effects that amplification has on cognition, social engagement, and listening effort. Despite the importance of hearing assessment and intervention, audiological evaluation of …

Performance Analysis Of Hybrid Deep Learning Framework Using A Vision Transformer And Convolutional Neural Network For Handwritten Digit Recognition, Vanita Agrawal, Jayant Jagtap, Shruti Patil, Ketan Kotecha

Journal Articles

Digitization created a demand for highly efficient handwritten document recognition systems. A handwritten document consists of digits, text, symbols, diagrams, etc. Digits are an essential element of handwritten documents. Accurate recognition of handwritten digits is vital for effective communication and data analysis. Various researchers have attempted to address this issue with modern convolutional neural network (CNN) techniques. Even after training, CNN filter weights remain unchanged despite the high identification accuracy. As a result, the process cannot flexibly adapt to input changes. Hence computer vision researchers have recently become interested in Vision Transformers (ViTs) and Multilayer Perceptrons (MLPs). The shortcomings of …

Vestibular Correlates Of Cochlear Implantation, Danielle Lewis

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Previous research has illustrated that vestibular dysfunction is the most prevalent complication of cochlear implant (CI) surgery. There is substantial evidence of both short- and long-term vestibular dysfunction following CI surgery. The objective of this survey was to determine CI recipients’ expectation and satisfaction with their audiologists’ counseling regarding the possible vestibular effects of cochlear implantation. Survey participants included unilateral and bilateral adult CI recipients recruited through the NYC chapter of the Hearing Loss Association of America (HLAA), audiology-related Facebook groups, and Linked-In. The first 25 participants were offered a $20 Amazon gift card upon completion of the survey. The …

The Effect Of Personal Listening Devices On Subjective Hearing Status, Esther Feldman

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Long term or brief exposure to loud noise can trigger the onset of noise-induced hearing loss which can lead to a temporary (TTS) or permanent (PTS) shift in hearing threshold. Occupational noise, or recreational noise such as music can contribute to shifts in hearing levels. Listening to music in person at a concert or when listening on earphones/earbuds and streaming from a smartphone can produce sound pressure levels (SPL) high enough to lead to PTS, TTS, and associated symptoms. A survey of adults was conducted to gain insight into onset of self-perceived temporary hearing loss and tinnitus after short term …

The Missguided Project: Bringing Awareness To The Stigmas And Miseducation Surrounding Women’S Health Through Art And Creative Research, Gwyneth Cunningham, Hayley Newton, Zeen Ari, Claire Portele, Kerlous Aziz, Madelyn Kearns

Belmont University Research Symposium (BURS)

MissGuided is a project that discusses miseducation, shame, and stigma within women's healthcare settings, and the transformative potential of storytelling and artmaking in these contexts. Women encounter systemic miseducation, leading to shame and stigma surrounding their health experiences. However, through the power of community-driven narratives and creative expression, these barriers can be dismantled. Facilitating communal dinner parties as a form of conceptual art making, we aim to explore the diverse experiences in healthcare through conversation. The accumulation of the research, dinner parties, and wellcores will be delivered through a collective cookbook which includes recipes, testimonials, and art. By sharing personal …

Evidence-Based Practice Guidelines: Anesthesia For Total Knee And Hip Arthroplasty, Amanda Kleinfelder

Doctor of Nursing Practice Scholarly Projects

Abstract

Total knee and hip arthroplasty are the two most common orthopedic surgeries in the United States. Traditional perioperative practice is multidisciplinary, with each professional, including anesthesia, making decisions based on their current knowledge or past experience. Postoperative complications pose a threat to any patient undergoing a surgical procedure. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols were developed to streamline best practice guidelines during the perioperative period. ERAS pathways aim to decrease postoperative complications, accelerate recovery after surgery, decrease narcotic use and promote early mobilization and discharge from the hospital. The aim of this project is the development of evidence-based practice …

Analyzing The Cognitive Complexity Of The Questions On The Advanced Placement Computer Science Principles Exam, Lauren Zirpoli

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

This convergent parallel mixed methods study with qualitative and quantitative content analysis was conducted to analyze and describe the cognitive complexity of the publicly released Advanced Placement Computer Science Principles Exam questions compared to the language of higher-order thinking found in research literature. Hess’ Cognitive Rigor Matrix was used to determine the frequency and percentage of questions categorized as higher-order thinking within each cell of the matrix. The qualitative method consisted of content analysis of the language of each question analyzed, followed by deductive coding, and culminated with categorizing the depth and type of thinking required on Hess’ Cognitive Rigor …

Artistic Expression Of Medical Experiences Of Mothers Of Color: Perspectives Using Art Therapy, Lauren Barrett

Expressive Therapies Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to qualitatively examine perspectives of mothers of color living in the US and their experiences in the healthcare system through art therapy. The study aimed to further identify personal narrative experiences of mothers of color navigating the healthcare system, promote individual voices, and acknowledge disparities impacting those within marginalized communities. The participants in this study included a total of eight identified mothers of color (non-White) living in the US. Participants took part in four weeks of consecutive art therapy sessions either in 60-minute group or individual virtual meetings. One art therapy directive was provided …